Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排，Docker Compose，快速编排容器集群

摘要：Docker Compose是一种用于快速编排Docker容器集群的工具。它允许用户通过简单的YAML文件定义多个容器的配置和依赖关系，实现一键启动和停止整个应用程序的功能。Docker Compose可以简化容器部署的过程，提高开发、测试和生产的效率，是容器化应用程序部署的重要工具之一。

Docker-compose 简介

• Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。

• Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层，分别是 工程（project），服务（service）以及容器（container）。Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml，extends文件或环境变量文件等）组成一个工程，若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例，Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题，因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡，比如 Consul。

• Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml，可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件，其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。

• 使用一个Dockerfile模板文件，可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。在工作中，经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目，除了Web服务容器本身，往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器，甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。

• Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件（YAML 格式）来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目（project）。

• Docker-Compose项目由Python编写，调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此，只要所操作的平台支持Docker API， 就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。

  compose 部署

  Docker Compose 环境安装

  Docker Compose 是 Docker 的独立产品，因此需要安装 Docker 之后在单独安装 Docker Compose

  #下载
  curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 
  #或者已下载过直接从宿主机传入到/opt目录下 
  mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ 
  #安装 
  chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 
  #查看版本
  docker-compose --version 

   

   

  YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项

  • YAML 是一种标记语言，它可以很直观的展示数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于 XML数据描述语言，语法比 XML 简单的很多。YAML 数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号 [ ] 括起来， hash 用花括号 { } 括起来。

  • YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项

    • 大小与敏感
    • 通过缩进表示层级关系
    • 不支持制表符tab键缩进，只能使用空格缩进
    • 缩进的空格数目不重要，只要相同层级左对齐，通常开头缩进2个空格
    • 用#号注释
    • 符号字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号：、逗号，、横杠-

    Docker Compose配置常用字段

    字段	描述
    build	指定Dockerfile文件名（要指定的Dockerfile文件需要在build标签的子级标签中用dockerfile标签指定）
    dockerfile	构建镜像上下文路径
    context	可以是dockerfile路径，或者是执行git 仓库的url地址
    image	指定镜像（已存在）
    command	执行命令，会覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令（会覆盖Dockerfile的CMD指令）
    container_name	指定容器名称，由于容器名称是唯一的，如果指定自定义名称，则无法scale
    deploy	指定部署和运行服务相关配置，只能在Swarm模式使用
    enviroment	添加环境变量
    networks	加入网络，引用顶级networks下条目
    networks-mode	设置容器的网络模式，host、bridge.....
    ports	暴露容器端口，与-p 相同，但是端口不能低于60
    volumes	挂载一个宿主机目录或命令卷到容器，命名卷要在顶级volumes 定义卷名称
    volumes_from	从另一个服务或容器挂载卷，可选参数 :ro 和 :rw，仅版本'2'支持
    hostname	容器主机名
    sysctls	在容器内设置内核参数
    links	连接到另一个容器，- 服务名称[ :服务别名 ]
    privilcgcd	用来给容器root权限，注意是不安全的，truc|false（开启|关闭）
    restart	重启策略，定义是否重启容器； no（默认，不重启）， always（总是重启）， on-failure,（退出状态非0时重启）, on-failure:3 ,在容器非正常退出时重启容器，最多重启3次， unless-stoped 在容器退出时总是重启容器，但是不考虑在Docker 守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器
    depends_on	此标签用于解决容器的依赖，启动先后问题。如启动应用容器，需要先启动数据库容器php: depends_on: - apache - mysql

    Docker compose 常用命令

    字段	描述
    build	重新构建服务
    ps	列出容器
    up	创建和启动容器
    exec	在容器里面执行命令
    scale	指定一个服务容器启动数量
    top	显示正在运行的容器进程
    logs	查看服务容器的输出
    down	删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像
    stop/start/restart	停止/启动/重启服务

    编写Docker Compose搭建lnmp论坛

    部署前准备

    vim /etc/sysctl.conf
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1           #末行添加
    sysctl -p                         #刷新配置
    systemctl restart docker          #重启docker服务

    配置nginx

    编写dockerfile文件

    FROM centos:7
    MAINTAINER this is nginx images
    RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/
    WORKDIR /opt/nginx-1.12.0/
    RUN ./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --with-http_stub_status_module && make -j4 &&  make install
    ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
    ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
    RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
    EXPOSE 80
    EXPOSE 443
    CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
    

    准备配置好nginx配置文件（添加支持php解析配置）

    #user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.php;
            }
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            location ~ \.php$ {
                root           html;
                fastcgi_pass   172.18.0.30:9000;
                fastcgi_index  index.php;
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
                include        fastcgi_params;
            }
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    }
        
    

    配置mysql

    准备配置文件

    vim my.cnf
    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    port = 3306
    character-set-server=utf8
    pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
    socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    bind-address = 0.0.0.0
    skip-name-resolve
    max_connections=2048
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    max_allowed_packet=16M
    server-id = 1
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
    

    编写dockerfile文件

    FROM centos:7
    MAINTAINER this is mysql image 
    RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
    ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
    RUN cmake \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
    -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
    -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
    -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
    -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
    -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
    -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
    -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
    -DWITH_BOOST=boost \
    -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install
    ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    EXPOSE 3306
    RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
    WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
    RUN ./mysqld \
    --initialize-insecure \
    --user=mysql \
    --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
    --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
    ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
    VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
    CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
    

    配置php

    编写Dockerfile文件

    FROM centos:7
    MAINTAINER this is php image 
    RUN yum install -y gd \
    libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
    libpng libpng-devel \
    freetype freetype-devel \
    libxml2 libxml2-devel \
    zlib zlib-devel \
    curl curl-devel \
    openssl openssl-devel \
    gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
    RUN ./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
    --with-mysqli \
    --with-zlib \
    --with-curl \
    --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg-dir \
    --with-png-dir \
    --with-freetype-dir \
    --with-openssl \
    --enable-fpm \
    --enable-mbstring \
    --enable-xml \
    --enable-session \
    --enable-ftp \
    --enable-pdo \
    --enable-tokenizer \
    --enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
    ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
    ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
    ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
    RUN rm -rf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default
    ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
    EXPOSE 9000
    CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F
    

    将所需的三个配置文件修改后写入

    vim php-fpm.conf
    [global]
    pid = run/php-fpm.pid
    include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
    

    vim php.ini
    [PHP]
    engine = On
    short_open_tag = Off
    precision = 14
    output_buffering = 4096
    zlib.output_compression = Off
    implicit_flush = Off
    unserialize_callback_func =
    serialize_precision = -1
    disable_functions =
    disable_classes =
    zend.enable_gc = On
    expose_php = On
    max_execution_time = 30
    max_input_time = 60
    memory_limit = 128M
    error_reporting = E_ALL
    display_errors = On
    display_startup_errors = On
    log_errors = On
    log_errors_max_len = 1024
    ignore_repeated_errors = Off
    ignore_repeated_source = Off
    report_memleaks = On
    track_errors = On
    html_errors = On
    variables_order = "GPCS"
    request_order = "GP"
    register_argc_argv = Off
    auto_globals_jit = On
    post_max_size = 8M
    auto_prepend_file =
    auto_append_file =
    default_mimetype = "text/html"
    default_charset = "UTF-8"
    doc_root =
    user_dir =
    enable_dl = Off
    file_uploads = On
    upload_max_filesize = 2M
    max_file_uploads = 20
    allow_url_fopen = On
    allow_url_include = Off
    default_socket_timeout = 60
    [CLI Server]
    cli_server.color = On
    [Date]
    date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
    [filter]
    [iconv]
    [intl]
    [sqlite3]
    [Pcre]
    [Pdo]
    [Pdo_mysql]
    pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
    pdo_mysql.default_socket=
    [Phar]
    [mail function]
    SMTP = localhost
    smtp_port = 25
    mail.add_x_header = On
    [SQL]
    sql.safe_mode = Off
    [ODBC]
    odbc.allow_persistent = On
    odbc.check_persistent = On
    odbc.max_persistent = -1
    odbc.max_links = -1
    odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
    odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
    [Interbase]
    ibase.allow_persistent = 1
    ibase.max_persistent = -1
    ibase.max_links = -1
    ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
    ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
    ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
    [MySQLi]
    mysqli.max_persistent = -1
    mysqli.allow_persistent = On
    mysqli.max_links = -1
    mysqli.cache_size = 2000
    mysqli.default_port = 3306
    mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    mysqli.default_host =
    mysqli.default_user =
    mysqli.default_pw =
    mysqli.reconnect = Off
    [mysqlnd]
    mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
    mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
    [OCI8]
    [PostgreSQL]
    pgsql.allow_persistent = On
    pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
    pgsql.max_persistent = -1
    pgsql.max_links = -1
    pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
    pgsql.log_notice = 0
    [bcmath]
    bcmath.scale = 0
    [browscap]
    [Session]
    session.save_handler = files
    session.use_strict_mode = 0
    session.use_cookies = 1
    session.use_only_cookies = 1
    session.name = PHPSESSID
    session.auto_start = 0
    session.cookie_lifetime = 0
    session.cookie_path = /
    session.cookie_domain =
    session.cookie_httponly =
    session.serialize_handler = php
    session.gc_probability = 1
    session.gc_divisor = 1000
    session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
    session.referer_check =
    session.cache_limiter = nocache
    session.cache_expire = 180
    session.use_trans_sid = 0
    session.sid_length = 26
    session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
    session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
    [Assertion]
    zend.assertions = 1
    [COM]
    [mbstring]
    [gd]
    [exif]
    [Tidy]
    tidy.clean_output = Off
    [soap]
    soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
    soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
    soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
    soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
    [sysvshm]
    [ldap]
    ldap.max_links = -1
    [mcrypt]
    [dba]
    [opcache]
    [curl]
    [openssl]
    vim php-fpm.conf
    [global]
    pid = run/php-fpm.pid
    include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
    

    vim www.conf
    [www]
    user = nginx
    group = nginx
    listen = 172.18.0.30:9000
    pm = dynamic
    pm.max_children = 5
    pm.start_servers = 2
    pm.min_spare_servers = 1
    pm.max_spare_servers = 3
    

    编写docker-compose.yml文件

    version: '2'
    services:
      nginx:
        container_name: nginx
        build:
          context: ./nginx
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
        ports:
        - 80:80
        networks:
          lnmp:
            ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10
      mysql:
        container_name: mysql
        privileged: true
        build:
          context: ./mysql
          dockerfile: Dockerfile
        ports:
       - 3306:3306
         networks:
              lnmp:
         ipv4_address: 172.18.0.20
           php:
             depends_on:
         - nginx
         - mysql
           build:
           context: ./php
           dockerfile: Dockerfile
           container_name: php
           ports:
         - 9000:9000
           networks:
           lnmp:
           ipv4_address: 172.18.0.30
             volumes_from:
         - nginx
         - mysql
    networks:
      lnmp:
        driver: bridge
        ipam:
          config:
          - subnet: 172.18.0.0/16
    

    #启动容器
    docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
    docker ps -a