摘要：本文介绍了在CENTOS7.4操作系统中进行分区格式化的操作。通过分区格式化，可以调整硬盘空间的使用，优化系统性能。操作过程包括确定分区方案、使用磁盘管理工具进行分区、选择格式化的文件系统类型等步骤。该操作需谨慎进行，避免数据丢失。

1. 查看磁盘

   

[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009680e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048     4194303     2096128   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda2        4194304    56623103    26214400   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

发现/dev/vdb这块未分区、格式化

2. 分区

[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x20ea1593.

Command (m for help): 
输入m 查看

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 
输入n

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended

输入p

Select (default p): p

一路回车默认

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

输入w
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看  fdisk -l

已经分好区，但是未格式化

[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009680e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048     4194303     2096128   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda2        4194304    56623103    26214400   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x35bf8022

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux

3. 格式化  mkfs -t ext3   或者  mkfs.ext3 

[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# 

4. 挂载

先在根目录建data

[root@yzb-centos72-3 /]# mkdir data

然后挂载

 mount /dev/vdb1 /data

查看挂载后的目录

[root@yzb-centos72-3 /]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda2      ext4       25G  3.1G   21G  14% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G   57M  3.8G   2% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1      ext3       99G   60M   94G   1% /data

将挂载持久化到文件，开机自动挂载

/etc/fstab

vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan  2 22:58:53 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=381f5199-12a4-4d44-91af-be015a752145 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=4b0d629d-79d8-43e3-82bd-8a7b98fcfb75 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/vdb1   /data                                              ext3    defaults        1 1

TIP：

inux使用ntfs-3g 挂载NTFS分区

一、安装ntfs-3g:

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g或者yum install ntfs-3g

二、fdisk -l查看磁盘设备点,挂载设备

mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdd4 /ntfs

如果需要开机自启动挂载，可以在vi /etc/fstab文件结尾添加需要挂载的NTFS盘，

添加命令如下：

/dev/sdd4 /ntfs ntfs-3g defaults 0 0